Black breast - a description of where it grows, the toxicity of the fungus

Black mushrooms are considered the most popular and sought-after mushrooms that grow in the vastness of our homeland. Growth is carried out colonially, so that in a short period of time you can collect a decent harvest. Fans of the “silent hunt” like mushrooms for their taste in salting and useful properties. Despite the fact that preference is often given to white brothers, black breasts are no less popular among connoisseurs. But let's not get ahead of ourselves, we will study all aspects in the order of priority.

Description

1. The presented variety of mushrooms belongs to the family russula and is considered a lactarius. Today, there are a lot of names, as soon as they do not name the breast. Chernushka, Chernysh, black hollow - all this refers to him. Fruit bodies can be pure black or brownish with olive spots.
2. The base of the fungus is quite dense and in diameter can reach 3 cm. The leg is short, does not grow more than 8 cm. The shape of the base is a cylinder or barrel, to the beginning it can become narrow. The leg itself is smooth, pigmented with a dark gray or so shade. In young animals, the base is full, but as it grows, it becomes hollow.
3. The cap is funnel-shaped in its format. It is pressed in the middle, but sticks out along the edges and stretches upward. The edges on the hat tuck inward. At first it is depressed, but in old mushrooms it becomes flat. As for the size, the diameter is about 15 cm on average. Of course, there are specimens with a tip of 7 or 20 cm.
4. If we talk about the shade, it is quite difficult to describe. When the fungus is still young, it is pigmented with olive color with a brownish tint. It can be brown with yellow or green. In some parts, shades can stand out more and brighter, so the color structure seems heterogeneous. When the fungus grows in a very moist environment, it becomes slippery at the top.
5. The plates can go on the base of the fungus, they are pigmented with beige. When damaged, they get a dark color. If we consider the soft part, it is too fragile, but dense and not loose. With cuts or damage in this area, juice is secreted, which becomes dark when it comes into contact with air.
6. This mushroom can be classified as conditionally edible. It's all about the bitter juice that stands out, which thoroughly soaks the soft part. In order to get rid of causticity, a prolonged soaking and primary heat treatment are performed.
7. The chemical list of substances in this variety is also quite extensive. The list is based on valuable B-group vitamins. There are also a lot of ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, and minerals in the piles. With proper preparation, fruiting bodies will bring only benefits.

Growth and collection

1. The presented variety can be found in the northern strip of the globe. Amounts of fungi are found in forest zones of the Far East, as well as in the Urals and Siberia. Mushrooms prefer to grow in forests with firs and pines, and they are also found in a mixed strip with birches. Larches do not seduce blacks.
2. Mycorrhiza form with birch trees. In order for the mushrooms to fully grow and develop, it is necessary to provide them with light. As for the period of growth, fruiting occurs in mid-summer and lasts until mid-autumn. Harvesting is best done in cool weather, so you get a decent harvest.
3. Mushroom picking requires some skill, because these mushrooms are hidden from human eyes. Usually they lurk in the grass or under fallen leaves.The leg is short, so the specimens become extremely invisible. Do not use a stick to scrub foliage. Because the hat is fragile, you simply damage it.
4. Due to the specific masking, it can be problematic to see the fruiting bodies the first time. Therefore, bend over and take your time, carefully inspecting the areas. As soon as the first mushroom is found, next to it you will see all the others. These fungi literally form giant meadows during growth.

Similar views

1. Keep in mind that the fruiting bodies in question are very different from their counterparts. Outwardly black breasts, do not look like any mushrooms and other similar varieties. Therefore, when collecting instances you will not have any problems. You will not confuse black breasts with any other mushrooms.
2. As for the nutritional value and general characteristics, the specimens under consideration can be attributed to the second category of conditionally edible mushrooms. The presented fruit belongs to this type due to the presence of milky juice. The black lump belongs to the genus of milkmen.
3. Experienced mushroom pickers know that fruiting bodies of this type have a pungent and rather bitter taste. In addition, recent studies have shown that the presented fruit contains a rather dangerous substance. It is presented in the form of necatorin (mutagen-carcinogen). Part of the substance remains even after careful heat treatment.
4. Various symptoms may not appear immediately, therefore, with prolonged and systematic consumption of such a fungus, dangerous compounds begin to accumulate in the body. As a result, all the tissues in a person begin to undergo harm, which occurs over a long period.
5. After such studies were confirmed, in many open sources, the fungus in question has ceased to be considered conditionally edible. For several years, such fruiting bodies have even been considered slightly poisonous. The same applies to lines, pigs. If you still do not want to lose such pleasure, then you should be extremely careful.
6. When collecting the fruiting bodies in question, give preference to exclusively ecologically clean places. It is highly recommended not to collect such mushrooms in large quantities. Also, in order not to encounter negative consequences, please yourself with such a delicacy very rarely.

The properties

1. With regard to food quality, the specimens considered were classified by experts in the 3rd category. The advantage of the fungus is that it contains a high concentration of protein. In this case, the product remains low in calories. On 100 gr. fruit bodies account for only 23 Kcal.
2. In addition, it is worth remembering that the specimens in question belong to heavy mushrooms. Therefore, in no case do not try to consume a large number of them. The body simply can not cope. Try to eat a small amount of mushrooms at a time.
3. Among other things, if black breasts are not cooked correctly, caustic juice will remain in their pulp. As a result, you will get bitter fruits. Due to this characteristic feature of the fungus, indigestion often occurs.
4. Despite the fact that a dangerous substance was found in the fruits under consideration, the harm of such fungi has not been fully studied. Therefore, experienced mushroom pickers continue to collect black mushrooms without any problems.

Treatment

The considered fruiting bodies can be processed in two ways. This also applies to other types of bruises, values, thrills and earworms. Most often, such mushrooms are processed in hot and cold ways.

Hot working

1. If you want to enjoy forest gifts as quickly as possible, then the easiest way to cook is to boil. After this, the mushrooms can be salted. Go through all the collected instances and remove excess garbage, damaged places.
2. Chop large fruits into small pieces. Finely chopped is also not necessary. Rinse and place in a container of water. Boil the product for about 25–35 minutes. Transfer specimens to a colander and rinse with cool running water.
3. If you are going to pickle the fruit, then on the bottom of the glass bowl you need to lay the leaves of cherry, horseradish and currant. Spread fruit bodies in layers, alternating them with salt. Mushrooms can be stacked as you wish. It is not necessary to do this with the hats down.
4. When laying each layer, slightly press down instances. After that pour salt. Next, follow the same pattern. So go to the edge of the can. As for the amount of salt, everyone has their own taste preferences. Therefore, it is necessary to rash by eye.
5. Often in a standard recipe for 1 kg. mushrooms account for about 40 gr. salt. Then you can add similar spices, based on your own taste. In any case, if you overdo it with salt, the fruits can be washed with water at any time.
6. After you have filled the container to the brim, you need to tightly cover the mushrooms with horseradish leaves. Keep in mind that fruiting bodies must be so tightly packed in a jar that they are completely covered with the secreted juice.
7. In this case, the plastic cover should be put on the container with some effort. Thus, the specimens under consideration will be under oppression. After 6-8 days, the mushrooms will be completely ready. Give it a try.

Cold working

1. In this case, you will encounter additional troubles when soaking the fruit bodies. This applies to absolutely any mushrooms that will be prepared for salting in this way. Seen from the other side, the final product will have the best quality.
2. The considered method is more suitable for long-term storage of mushrooms. It is better to use it if you decide to cook the fruits for the winter. Sort and clean the mushrooms in a classic way. Chop into equal large pieces. Place the product in an enamelled container. Pour in cold water and leave for 5 days.
3. Keep in mind that 2 times a day you must change the water. After soaking, the specimens need to be salted. This method is similar to when you pickle boiled mushrooms. At the same time, stacking each layer of fruit, you need to sprinkle it with salt and compact a little more. The amount of salt you need to take about 30 grams. per 1 kg. mushrooms.
4. It is worth noting that with this method of preparing fruiting bodies, they will be ready for use no sooner than after 40-50 days. When salting, use exclusively classic rock salt. With this method of preparation, it is best to use glass containers. Put the fruits and roll up.

The fruits have a very unusual taste. Among seasoned mushroom pickers, such a mushroom is especially popular. It should be noted that almost exclusively in Russia, black breasts are widespread and used in food. In other countries, few have heard of them, and have never tried it at all. Use caution when consuming fruiting bodies. Do not abuse such mushrooms.

Video: Black Lactarius (Lactarius necator)